[英语写作素材积累]关于Technology &Environment你知多少？
[摘自外刊："The Impact of Technology on the Environment and How Environmental Technology Could Save Our Planet" 需要原文PDF的小伙伴可私信我哦]
写在前面：
对于technology（科技）和environment（环境），相信是小伙伴们再熟悉不过的话题了。很多的写作题目中都会有相关考察。可是，你真的了解他们吗？你知道technology的定义吗？你知道climate change（气候变化）吗？你知道他们之间的关系吗？今天学习的文章会清晰、深刻地剖析这些问题！
1、While the impact of technology on the environment has been highly negative, the concept of environmental technology could save our planet from the harm that has been done. This idea is supported by WWF, who have stated that although technology is a solution enabler, it is also part of the problem.
译文：
虽然科技对环境的影响非常消极，但环境科技的概念可以保护我们的星球，使其免受已经造成的伤害。这个想法得到了 世界自然基金的支持，他们表示虽然技术是解决方案的推动者，但它也是问题的一部分。
知识点：
the impact of something on something else: 某事对其他事物造成的影响。如：the impact of technology on the environment. highly negative: 在口语和写作过程中，可以多尝试使用副词来修饰形容词或动词，从而使表达更加确切、生动。如：It is widely acknowledged that...save something from something else: 保护某事，免其受到其他事影响。如：It is an instinct that parents save their children from any danger. 父母本能地保护孩子免受任何危险。a solution enabler: 解决方面的推动者。相信很多小伙伴对这个表达感到陌生，一般我们都用enable的动词。所以这里可以学起来啦，用到你的文章中。2、 We are currently living in a period of rapid change, where technological developments are revolutionising the way we live, at the same time as leading us further into the depths of catastrophe in the form of climate change and resource scarcity.
译文：
我们目前生活在一个快速变化的时期，技术发展正在彻底改变我们的生活方式，与此同时，我们正以气候变化和资源稀缺的形式进一步陷入灾难的深处。
知识点：
a period of ..什么样的时期。如：a period of tough time when many people are suffering from COVID-19这里的technological developments其实就是technology的替换。所以可以积累起来，在自己的文章中做到正确替换。后文中还会出现一个technological advancements，也可以想回替换使用。revolutionise /rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)nʌɪz/: change (something) radically or fundamentally. 动词，彻底改变；使革命化。我们熟悉的是名词revolution改革。包括后面会说的工业革命，就是industrial revolution.catastrophe /kəˈtastrəfi/: an event causing great and usually sudden damage or suffering; a disaster. 名词，灾难。这里是指很重大的灾难，在使用过程中注意准确性。如an environmental catastrophe，像最近河南郑州发生的洪水就叫环境灾难。这个单词的发音也要注意，重音在ta上，前面的ca是轻音。scarcity /ˈskɛːsɪti/：the state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage. 名词，稀缺。注意发音。如a scarcity of time。形容词是scarce3、This article will begin by discussing the negative impact of technology on the environment due to the causation of some of the worlds most severe environmental concerns, followed by the potential that it has to save the planet from those same problems. Finally, it will explore the particular environmental technology of the gas sensor and discuss how it plays a part in the mitigation of negative environmental consequences.
译文：
本文将首先讨论技术对环境的负面影响，因为它会导致世界上一些最严重的环境问题，然后讨论它有可能拯救地球免受这些相同问题的影响。最后，它将探讨气体传感器的特定环境技术，并讨论它如何在减轻负面环境后果方面发挥作用。
知识点:
这一段话是对文章的很好概括。对于在准备论文的小伙伴，这一段是一个非常好的摘要的借鉴哦。This article will begin by discussing..., followed by.... Finally, it will explore... and discuss...causation /kɔːˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/: the action of causing something. 名词，原因；因果关系。如the causation of illnessenvironmental concerns是environmental problems的替换。包括最后的negative environmental consequences都可以互相替换学起来！mitigation /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/: the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something. 名词，减少，降低。如 the identification and mitigation of pollution.The Definition of Technology: 技术的定义
The term "technology" refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes and the machinery and devices developed as a result.
译文：
"技术"一词是指将科学知识应用于实际目的以及由此开发的机械和设备。
知识点：
refers to: If a word refers to a particular thing, situation, or idea, it describes it in some way. 动词词组，描述, 指的是。如The term electronics refers to electrically induced action. 电子学描述的是电力产生的作用。for.. purpose: 固定搭配，为了...的目的。如the use of nuclear energy for military purposes.军事用途的核能的使用。as a result: 结果. as a result of somethingThe Impact of Technology on the Environment 科技对环境的影响
1、The industrial revolution has brought about new technologies with immense power. This was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States. This has been succeeded by continued industrialisation and further technological advancements in developed countries around the world, and the impact of these technology on the environment has included the misuse and damage of our natural earth.
译文：
工业革命带来了具有巨大力量的新技术。这是欧洲和美国向新制造工艺的过渡。这已经通过在世界各地发达国家中的持续工业化和进一步技术进步取得了成功，这项技术对环境的影响包括对自然地球的滥用和破坏。
知识点：
bring about: cause something to happen. 引起，促进。immense /ɪˈmɛns/: extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree. 形容词，巨大的，无边无际的。transition: the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.名词，过度，转型，转变。如The transition from school to work can be difficult. technological advancements：与前文的technological developments互为替换。2、 These technologies have damaged our world in two main ways: pollution and the depletion of natural resources. 这些技术以两种主要方式破坏了我们的世界：污染和自然资源的枯竭。[这是一个总阶段。后面便分别就pollution & the depletion of natural resources进行阐]
【1】Pollution: Air and water pollution 污染：空气污染和水污染
Air pollution 空气污染出现的情形：Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and methane are introduced into the earths atmosphere. 当有害或过量的气体（例如二氧化碳、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、一氧化氮和甲烷）进入地球大气时，就会发生空气污染。[这些气体最好记住一两个，包括读音与拼写，口语写作都可以用上，从而提高自己的词汇量]
原因： The main sources all relate to technologies which emerged following the industrial revolution such as the burning of fossil fuels, factories, power stations, mass agriculture and vehicles.这些有害或过量气体的主要来源都与工业革命后出现的技术有关，例如化石燃料燃烧、工厂、发电站、大众农业和车辆。
后果：The consequences of air pollution include negative health impacts for humans and animals and global warming, whereby the increased amount of greenhouse gases in the air trap thermal energy in the Earths atmosphere and cause the global temperature to rise. 空气污染的后果包括对人类和动物的负面健康影响和全球变暖，空气中温室气体数量的增加将热能滞留在地球大气中并导致全球温度升高。[这里其实帮助我们捋清了一个概念-global warming.相信很多小伙伴很熟悉这一概念，包括造成它的原因，我们通常知道是温室气体导致的。但是内部真正的因果关系是什么我们未必能说的明白。这里就告诉我们是空气污染导致了全球变暖，因为空气中大量的问题气体会把热量滞留在大气中，这样就会导致温度升高。]
Water pollution 水污染水污染是什么：Water pollution on the other hand is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater, usually due to human activities. 另一方面，水污染是湖泊、河流、海洋和地下水等水体的污染，通常是由于人类活动造成的。
水污染物有哪些：Some of the most common water pollutants are domestic waste, industrial effluents and insecticides and pesticides. 一些最常见的水污染物是生活用水、工业废水以及杀虫剂和杀害虫剂。[同样是废水，但是家庭和工业排除废除的具体说法是不一样的：domestic waste VS industrial effluents 。同样地，杀虫剂具体的表达也是不同的。一定要多积累这样的表达，才能做到用词的准确性]
水污染的影响：A specific example is the release of inadequately treated wastewater into natural water bodies, which can lead to degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Other detrimental effects include diseases such as typhoid and cholera, eutrophication and the destruction of ecosystems which negatively affects the food chain. 一个具体的例子是未经充分处理的废水排放到自然水体中，这可能导致水生生态系统的退化。其他有害影响包括伤寒和霍乱等疾病、富营养化以及对食物链产生负面影响的生态系统破坏。
【2】Depletion of natural resources 自然资源的枯竭
定义：It refers to the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished. Natural resources consist of those that are in existence without humans having created them and they can be either renewable or non-renewable. 它指的是资源的消耗速度快于它的补充速度。自然资源包括那些未经人类创造而存在的资源，它们可以是可再生的，也可以是不可再生的。
种类：There are several types of resource depletion, with the most severe being aquifer depletion, deforestation, mining for fossil fuels and minerals, contamination of resources, soil erosion and overconsumption of resources. 资源枯竭有多种类型，最严重的是含水层枯竭、森林砍伐、矿物燃料和矿物开采、资源污染、土壤侵蚀和资源过度消耗。
原因：These mainly occur as a result of agriculture, mining, water usage and consumption of fossil fuels, all of which have been enabled by advancements in technology. 这些主要是农业、采矿、用水和化石燃料消耗的结果，所有这些都是通过技术进步实现的。
具体因素：Due to the increasing global population, levels of natural resource degradation are also increasing. Since the industrial revolution, large-scale mineral and oil exploration has being increasing, causing more and more natural oil and mineral depletion. Combined with advancements in technology, development and research, the exploitation of minerals has become easier and humans are therefore digging deeper to access more which has led to many resources entering into a production decline. Moreover, the consequence of deforestation has never been more severe. This is primarily for agricultural reasons but also logging for fuel and making space for residential areas, encouraged by increasing population pressure. Not only does this result in a loss of trees which are important as they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but thousands of plants and animals lose their natural habitats and have become extinct. 由于全球人口不断增加，自然资源退化的程度也在增加。工业革命以来，大规模矿物和石油勘探不断增加，导致越来越多的天然石油和矿物枯竭。随着技术、开发和研究的进步，矿物的开采变得更加容易，因此人类正在更深入地挖掘以获取更多资源，这导致许多资源进入产量下降。此外，森林砍伐的后果从未如此严重。这主要是出于农业原因，但也受不断增加的人口压力所鼓励，为了燃料和为住宅区腾出空间。这不仅会导致树木的消失，因为它们去除大气中的二氧化碳很重要，而且数以千计的植物和动物也失去了它们的自然栖息地并已经灭绝。
Environmental Technology 环境技术
1、Despite the negative impact of technology on environment, a recent rise in global concern for climate change has led to the development of new environmental technology aiming to help solve some of the biggest environmental concerns that we face as a society though a shift towards a more sustainable, low-carbon economy.
译文：
尽管技术对环境产生了负面影响，但最近全球对气候变化的关注上升导致了新的环境技术的发展，旨在帮助社会解决所面临的一些重大环境问题，同时转向更可持续发展的低碳经济。
知识点：
lead to: 导致aim to: 目的是，旨在a more sustainable, low-carbon economy：这样的表达更加专业，可以学会使用。2、Environmental technology is also known as green or clean technology and refers to the development of new technologies which aim to conserve, monitor or reduce the negative impact of technology on the environment and the consumption of resources.
译文：
环境技术也被称为“绿色”或“清洁”技术，是指新技术的开发，而这些新技术旨在保护、监测或减少技术对环境和资源消耗的负面影响。
知识点：
conserve /kənˈsəːv/: protect (something, especially something of environmental or cultural importance) from harm or destruction. 动词，保护。如 conserve natural habitats 保护生存环境3、The Paris agreement, singed in 2016, has obliged almost every country in the world to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change.
译文：
2016 年签署的巴黎协定强制世界上几乎每个国家都采雄心勃勃的努力来应对气候变化。
知识点：
oblige /əˈblʌɪdʒ/: make (someone) legally or morally bound to do something. 动词，迫使，强制。undertake efforts to do something: 采取努力做某事ambitious /amˈbɪʃəs/: having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed. 野心的，雄心勃勃的combat /ˈkɒmbat/: take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable). 动词，防止，斗争。如 an effort to combat drug trafficking4、This section will focus on the positive impact of technology on the environment as a result of the development of environmental technology such as renewable energy, smart technology, electric vehicles and carbon dioxide removal.
译文：
本节将重点介绍可再生能源、“智能技术”、电动汽车和二氧化碳去除等环境技术的发展对环境的积极影响。
知识点：
renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbəl/: (of a natural resource or source of energy) not depleted when used. 形容词，可再生的removal /rɪˈmuːv(ə)l/: the action of taking away or abolishing something unwanted. 名词，去除【1】Renewable energy
定义：Renewable energy, also known as clean energy, is energy that is collected from renewable resources which are naturally replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. 可再生能源，也称为“清洁能源”，是从可再生资源中收集的能量，这些资源可以自然补充，例如阳光、风、雨、潮汐、波浪和地热。
具体表现：Modern environmental technology has enabled us to capture this naturally occurring energy and convert it into electricity or useful heat through devices such as solar panels, wind and water turbines, which reflects a highly positive impact of technology on the environment. 现代环境技术使我们能够捕获这种自然产生的能量，并通过太阳能电池板、风力和水力涡轮机等设备将其转化为电能或有用的热量，这反映了技术对环境的高度积极影响。
【2】Smart technology
定义：Smart home technology uses devices such as linking sensors and other appliances connected to the Internet of Things (loT) that can be remotely monitored and programmed in order to be as energy efficient as possible and to respond to the needs of the users. 智能家居技术使用连接传感器和其他连接到物联网 (loT) 的家电等设备，这些设备可以远程监控和编程，以尽可能提高能源效率并响应用户的需求。
举例：For example, intelligent lighting systems only illuminate areas that require it and a smart thermostat keeps homes at certain temperatures during certain times of day, therefore reducing wastage. 例如，智能照明系统仅照亮需要它的区域，而智能恒温器在一天中的特定时间将家庭保持在特定温度，从而减少浪费。
益处：This environmental technology has been enabled by increased connectivity to the internet as a result of the increase in availability of WiFi, Bluetooth and smart sensors in buildings and cities. The technology of the internet further demonstrates a positive impact of technology on the environment due to the fact that social media can raise awareness of global issue and worldwide virtual laboratories can be created. Experts from different fields can remotely share their research, experience and ideas in order to come up with improved solutions. In addition, travel is reduced as meeting/communication between friends and families can be done virtually, which reduces pollution from transport emissions. 由于建筑物和城市中 WiFi、蓝牙和智能传感器的可用性增加，与互联网的连接增加，从而使这种环境技术成为可能。互联网技术进一步证明了技术对环境的积极影响，因为社交媒体可以提高对全球问题的认识，并且可以创建全球虚拟实验室。来自不同领域的专家可以远程分享他们的研究、经验和想法，以提出改进的解决方案。此外，由于可以虚拟地进行朋友和家人之间的会议/交流，从而减少了旅行，从而减少了交通排放造成的污染。[这一段可借鉴的东西有很多，可以使用到雅思很多话题中，如科技如何减少外出，如何促进彼此的交流，如何减少环境污染。包括有个题目说是研究人员之间需不需要分享彼此的研究成果等。]
【3】Electric vehicles
定义：The environmental technology of the electric vehicle is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. 电动汽车的环保技术由一个或多个电动机驱动，使用存储在可充电电池中的能量。
益处：Electric vehicles demonstrate a positive impact of technology on the environment because they do not produce carbon emissions, which contribute towards the greenhouse effect and leads to global warming. Furthermore, they do not contribute to air pollution, meaning they are cleaner and less harmful to human health, animals, plants and water. 电动汽车展示了技术对环境的积极影响，因为它们不会产生碳排放，这会导致“温室效应”并导致全球变暖。此外，它们不会造成空气污染，这意味着它们更清洁，对人类健康、动物、植物和水的危害更小。
【4】Direct Air Capture (DAC)- Environmental Technology removing Carbon from the atmosphere
定义: The environmental technology is known as Direct Air Capture (DAC) and is the process of capturing carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air and generating a concentrated stream of CO2 for sequestration or utilisation. The air is then pushed through a filter by many large fans, where CO2 is removed. 这种环保技术被称为“直接空气捕获”（DAC），是直接从环境空气中捕获二氧化碳并产生浓缩的二氧化碳流以进行封存或利用的过程。然后空气被许多大风扇推动通过过滤器，在那里二氧化碳被去除。
益处：It is thought that this technology can be used to manage emissions from distributed sources, such as exhaust fumes from cars. Many argue that DAC is essential for climate change mitigation as carbon dioxide in the air has the main cause of the problem after all. 人们认为该技术可用于管理分布式来源的排放，例如汽车尾气。许多人认为 DAC 对于缓解气候变化至关重要，因为空气中的二氧化碳毕竟是导致问题的主要原因。
缺点：However, the high cost of DAC currently means that it is not an option on a large scale and some believe that reliance on this technology would pose a risk as it may reduce emission reduction as people may be under the pretence that all of their emissions will simply be removed. 然而，目前 DAC 的高成本意味着它不能大规模使用，一些人认为依赖这种技术会带来风险，因为它可能会减少减排量，因为人们可能会有借口，以为他们所有的排放都会简单地被去除。
写在最后：
文章本身内容就比较多，噜噜尽量把重要的内容都摘出来，并对于其中有些论述拓展，进行了逻辑分析，这样小伙伴们在积累词汇同时还可以论述方法以及观点汲取。
噜噜整理这篇就耗费了很多时间，相信小伙伴在学习的时候花费的时间会更多。哪怕分次、多次完成学习，也不要放弃，坚持读完。每天重要的不是量，而是质与坚持。加油！
