「前沿」中英对照丨数字十年的欧洲数字权利和数字原则宣言
■翻译：钱欣一，复旦大学数字经济法治研究中心研究助理
■审校：蔡奇翰，复旦大学数字经济法治研究中心研究助理
■本文对宣言内容进行了编译，仅供学术研究使用。
The European Parliament, the Council and the Commission solemnly proclaim the following joint Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the Digital Decade
欧洲议会、欧洲理事会及欧盟委员会郑重宣布以下在数字十年中关于数字权利和数字原则的联合宣言
Preamble
序言
Whereas:
鉴于：
(1) The digital transformation affects every aspect of people’s lives. It offers significant opportunities for a better quality of life, innovation, economic growth and sustainability, but it also presents new challenges for the fabric, security and stability of our societies and economies. With the acceleration of the digital transformation, the time has come for the European Union (EU) to spell out how its values and fundamental rights should be applied in the online world.
（1）数字化转型影响生活各方各面。其为提高生活质量、促进创新、经济增长和可持续发展提供了重要机会，与此同时，其也为社会和经济的结构、安全和稳定带来了新的挑战。随着数字化转型的加速，现在是欧盟阐明其价值观和和基本权利如何应用于网络世界的时候了。
(2) The Parliament has made several calls for ensuring the full compliance of the Union’s approach to the digital transformation with fundamental rights such as data protection or non-discrimination, and with principles such as technological and net neutrality, and inclusiveness. It has also called for a strengthened protection of users’ rights in the digital environment.
（2）欧洲议会多次呼吁要确保欧盟数字化转型道路合乎基本权利，充分保障如数据保护或非歧视等权利并遵守技术中立、网络中立以及包容性等原则。与此同时，欧洲议会还呼吁加强在数字环境中对用户权利的保护。
(3) Building on previous initiatives such as the “Tallinn Declaration on eGovernment” and the “Berlin Declaration on Digital Society and Value-based Digital Government”, the Council has called, through the “Lisbon Declaration – Digital Democracy with a Purpose” for a model of digital transformation that strengthens the human dimension of the digital ecosystem with the Digital Single Market as its core. The Council also called for a model of digital transition that ensures that technology assists in the need to take climate action and protect the environment.
（3）在《塔林电子政务宣言》和《关于数字社会和价值基础的数字政府的柏林宣言》等先前倡议的基础上，理事会通过了《里斯本宣言——有目的的数字民主》，呼吁数字化转型模式应以数字化单一市场为核心，丰富数字生态系统人本层面。理事会还要求数字化转型过程中所采取的模式应确保相应技术有利于采取气候行动并保护环境。
(4) The EU vision for digital transformation puts people at the centre, empowers individuals and fosters innovative businesses. The Commission has recently presented a Proposal for a Decision on a "Path to the Digital Decade", which sets out the concrete digital targets based on four cardinal points (digital skills, digital infrastructures, digitalisation of businesses and of public services) that will help us achieve this vision. The Union way for the digital transformation of our societies and economy should encompass digital sovereignty, inclusion, equality, sustainability, resilience, security, trust, improving quality of life, respect of people’ rights and aspirations and should contribute to a dynamic, resource-efficient and fair economy and society in the Union.
（4）欧盟数字化转型的愿景以人为中心，赋予个人权利并促进企业创新。欧盟委员会近期提出一项“数字十年之路”决议的提案，该提案就四个基本点（数字技能，数字基础设施，企业数字化，公共服务数字化）提出具体的数字目标以帮助实现这一愿景。欧盟实现社会和经济数字化转型的方式应包括数字主权、包容、平等、可持续性、弹性、安全、信任、提高生活质量、尊重人民的权利和愿望，并为富有活力、资源高效和公平的欧盟经济和社会做出相应贡献。
(5) The Declaration aims to explain shared political intentions. Not only does it recall the most relevant rights in the context of the digital transformation, it should also serve as a reference point for businesses and other relevant actors when developing and deploying new technologies. The Declaration should also guide policy makers when reflecting on their vision of the digital transformation: putting people at the centre of the digital transformation; underlying solidarity and inclusion; restating the importance of freedom of choice; participation in the digital public space; safety, security and empowerment; and sustainability.
（5）《欧洲数字权利和数字原则宣言》（以下简称“《宣言》”）旨在解释共同的政治意图。它不仅回顾了数字化转型背景下最密切相关的权利，还应作为企业和其他相关参与者在开发和部署新技术时的参考点。《宣言》还应引导政策制定者思考他们对数字化转型的愿景：以人为中心;强调团结和包容;重申选择自由的重要性;参与数字公共空间;安全、保障和赋权;以及可持续性。
(6) The democratic oversight of the digital society and economy should be further strengthened, in full respect of the rule of law principles, effective justice and law enforcement. This Declaration does not affect lawful limits on the exercise of legal rights, in order to reconcile them with the exercise of other rights, or necessary and proportionate restrictions in the public interest. The Union should promote the Declaration in its relations with other international organisations and third countries with the ambition that the principles serve as an inspiration for international partners to guide a digital transformation which puts people and their human rights at the centre throughout the world.
（6）应在充分尊重法治原则、有效司法和执法的情况下进一步强化对数字社会和经济的民主监督。《宣言》不改变法定权利行使的合法限制，以便与其他权利的行使相协调，也不影响为公共利益而进行的必要且适当的限制。欧盟应在与其他国际组织和第三国交往中积极提倡《宣言》，其目标是使这些原则启发国际合作伙伴进行世界范围内的以人和人权为中心的数字化转型。
(7) This Declaration notably builds on primary EU law, in particular in the Treaty on European Union, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU, as well as in secondary law. It also builds on and complements the European Pillar of Social Rights. It has a declaratory nature and does not as such affect the content of legal rules or their application.
（7）《宣言》主要以欧盟基本法律为基础，尤其是《欧洲联盟条约》《欧洲联盟运作条约》《欧盟基本权利宪章》和欧盟法院判例法以及派生法律。《宣言》同时在《欧洲社会权利支柱》基础上做了相应补充。其具有声明性质，因此不影响法律规则的内容或适用。
(8)The promotion and implementation of the digital principles is a shared political commitment and responsibility of the Union and its Member States within their respective competences and in full compliance with Union law. The Commission has proposed that the annual report on the “State of the Digital Decade”, to be submitted to the Parliament and Council, would cover the monitoring of the digital principles.
（8）欧盟及其成员国应在其各自能力范围以及充分遵守欧盟法律的情况下积极推动和实施数字原则，这是他们共同的政治承诺和责任。委员会提议应当在提交给欧洲议会和欧洲理事会的《数字十年状况》的年度报告中涵盖对数字原则的监督情况。
Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the Digital Decade
数字权利和数字原则宣言
We aim to promote a European way for the digital transition, putting people at the centre. It shall be based on European values and benefiting all individuals and businesses.
We therefore declare:
我们致力于推进以人为中心的数字化转型的欧洲方式，其应以欧洲价值观为基础，并使所有个人和企业受益。
我们就此声明：
//Chapter I: Putting people at the centre of the digital transformation
第一章：以人为中心
People are at the centre of the digital transformation in the European Union. Technology should serve and benefit all Europeans and empower them to pursue their aspirations, in full security and respect of their fundamental rights.
We commit to:
–strengthening the democratic framework for a digital transformation that benefits everyone and improves the lives of all Europeans;
–taking necessary measures to ensure that the values of the Union and the rights of individuals as recognised by Union law are respected online as well as offline;
–fostering responsible and diligent action by all digital actors, public and private, for a safe and secure digital environment;
–actively promoting this vision of the digital transformation, also in our international relations.
欧盟的数字化转型须以人为中心。技术应该为所有欧洲人服务并使他们受益，使得他们能够在充分安全且基本权利得到尊重的情况下实现自己的愿景。
我们承诺：
–巩固民主框架以实现有利于所有人并改善所有欧洲人生活的数字化转型;
–采取必要措施以确保欧盟的价值观和欧盟法律认定的个人权利在线上和线下都得到尊重;
–所有公共和私人数字参与者都应当为了安全可靠的数字环境采取相应的负责任和勤勉的行动;
–在国际交往过程中也积极实现数字化转型的愿景。
//Chapter II: Solidarity and inclusion
第二章 团结与包容
Everyone should have access to technology that aims at uniting, and not dividing, people. The digital transformation should contribute to a fair society and economy in the Union.
We commit to:
–making sure that technological solutions respect people’s rights, enable their exercise and promote inclusion.
–a digital transformation that leaves nobody behind. It should notably include elderly people, persons with disabilities, or marginalised, vulnerable or disenfranchised people and those who act on their behalf.
–developing adequate frameworks so that all market actors benefiting from the digital transformation assume their social responsibilities and make a fair and proportionate contribution to the costs of public goods, services and infrastructures, for the benefit of all Europeans.
每个人都能够使用旨在团结人们而非割裂人们的技术。数字化转型应有助于欧盟的公平社会和经济的形成。
我们承诺：
-确保技术型解决方案尊重人们的权利，确保人们权利的行使，增强包容性。
-数字化转型不能让任何一个人落后。数字化转型应重点关注老年人、残疾人或边缘化群体、弱势群体或被剥夺权利的群体以及代表他们行使权利的人群。
-制定适当的框架，所有从数字化转型中受益的市场参与者都应当承担相应的社会责任，并基于公共产品、服务和基础设施的消耗做出公平且恰当的贡献，使所有欧洲人受益。
- Connectivity
Everyone, everywhere in the EU, should have access to affordable and high-speed digital connectivity.
We commit to:
–ensuring access to excellent connectivity for everyone, wherever they live and whatever their income
–protecting a neutral and open Internet where content, services, and applications are not unjustifiably blocked or degraded.
- 连接
欧盟各地的每个人都应能够获得合理价格的高速数字连接服务。
我们承诺：
–确保每个人，无论他们住在哪里，无论他们收入如何，都能享受出色的连接服务。
–确保互联网中立并开放，其内容、服务和应用程序不会被不正当地封锁或降级。
- Digital education and skills
Everyone has the right to education, training and lifelong learning and should be able to acquire all basic and advanced digital skills.
We commit to:
–promoting and supporting efforts to equip all education and training institutions with digital connectivity, infrastructure and tools.
–supporting efforts that allow learners and teachers to acquire and share all necessary digital skills and competences to take an active part in the economy, society, and in democratic processes.
–giving everyone the possibility to adjust to changes brought by the digitalisation of work through up-skilling and re-skilling.
- 数字教育和技能
每个人都有接受教育、培训和终身学习的权利，并且能够获得所有基本和高级的数字技能。
我们承诺：
–支持并推动为所有教育和培训机构配备数字连接、基础设施及工具。
–使学习者和教师能够获得并享有积极参与经济、社会和民主进程的所有必要的数字技能和能力。
–让每个人都有可能通过提高和学习新技能来适应职业数字化带来的变化。
- Working conditions
Everyone has the right to fair, just, healthy and safe working conditions and appropriate protection in the digital environment as in the physical work place, regardless of their employment status, modality or duration.
We commit to:
–ensuring that everyone shall be able to disconnect and benefit from safeguards for work-life balance in a digital environment.
- 工作条件
每个人，不论其劳动状况、劳动形态或劳动期限如何，都应享有在数字环境中获得公平、公正、健康和安全的工作条件和适当保护的权利。
我们承诺：
–确保每个人在数字环境中都能断开数字连接服务，充分保障其工作与生活得到平衡。
- Digital public services online
Everyone should have access to all key public services online across the Union. Nobody is to be asked to provide data more often than necessary when accessing and using digital public services.
We commit to:
–ensuring that all Europeans are offered an accessible, secure and trusted digital identity that gives access to a broad range of online services.
–ensuring wide accessibility and re-use of government information.
–facilitating and supporting seamless, secure and interoperable access across the Union to digital health and care services, including health records, designed to meet people’s needs.
- 网络数字公共服务
每个人都应能够在网上访问欧盟所有关键公共服务。在访问和使用数字公共服务时，不得要求任何人提供必要数据以外的其他数据。
我们承诺：
–确保每个欧洲人都有可获得的、安全和可信的数字身份，使其能够访问广泛的网络服务。
–确保政府信息的广泛可访问性和重复使用性。
–促进和支持欧盟范围内无缝、安全和可互操作式访问，以满足人们获取数字医疗和护理服务，包括健康记录的需要。
//Chapter III: Freedom of choice
第三章 选择自由
- Interactions with algorithms and artificial intelligence systems
Everyone should be empowered to benefit from the advantages of artificial intelligence by making their own, informed choices in the digital environment, while being protected against risks and harm to one’s health, safety and fundamental rights.
We commit to:
–ensuring transparency about the use of algorithms and artificial intelligence, and that people are empowered and informed when interacting with them.
–ensuring that algorithmic systems are based on suitable datasets to avoid unlawful discrimination and enable human supervision of outcomes affecting people.
–ensuring that technologies, such as algorithms and artificial intelligence are not used to pre-determine people’s choices, for example regarding health, education, employment, and their private life.
–providing for safeguards to ensure that artificial intelligence and digital systems are safe and used in full respect of people’s fundamental rights.
- 算法和人工智能系统的交互
每个人都享有在数字环境中作出自己的、知情的选择并从人工智能的优势中受益，同时保护自己免受健康、安全和基本权利的风险和伤害的权利。
我们承诺：
-确保算法和人工智能使用的透明度，并确保人们在与算法和人工智能交互时获得授权和信息。
-确保算法系统以合适的数据集为基础，以避免非法歧视，并使人们能够监督影响人们的结果。
-确保算法和人工智能等技术不被用来预先决定人们的选择，例如健康、教育、就业和私人生活。
-保障人工智能和数字系统的安全，确保其在使用时充分尊重人民基本权利。
- A fair online environment
Everyone should be able to effectively choose which online services to use, based on objective, transparent and reliable information.
Everyone should have the possibility to compete fairly and innovate in the digital environment.
We commit to:
–ensuring a safe, secure and fair online environment where fundamental rights are protected, and responsibilities of platforms, especially large players and gatekeepers, are well defined.
- 公平的网络环境
每个人都应该基于客观、透明和可靠的信息有效地选择要使用的网络服务。
每个人都应该有机会在数字环境中公平竞争和创新。
我们承诺：
–确保安全、可靠和公平的网络环境，保护基本权利，明确界定平台（特别是大型企业和看门人）的责任。
//Chapter IV: Participation in the digital public space
第四章 参与数字公共空间
Everyone should have access to a trustworthy, diverse and multilingual online environment. Access to diverse content contributes to a pluralistic public debate and should allow everyone to participate in democracy.
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression in the online environment, without fear of being censored or intimidated.
Everyone should have the means to know who owns or controls the media services they are using.
Very large online platforms should support free democratic debate online, given the role of their services in shaping public opinion and discourse. They should mitigate the risks stemming from the functioning and use of their services, including for disinformation campaigns and protect freedom of expression.
We commit to:
–supporting the development and best use of digital technologies to stimulate citizen engagement and democratic participation.
–continuing safeguarding fundamental rights online, notably the freedom of expression and information.
–taking measures to tackle all forms of illegal content in proportion to the harm they can cause, and in full respect of the right to freedom of expression and information, and without establishing any general monitoring obligations.
–creating an online environment where people are protected against disinformation and other forms of harmful content.
每个人都应该能够访问一个值得信赖、多样化和多语言的网络环境。多样化的内容有助于多元化的公共辩论，应当允许每个人参与民主。
每个人都有权在网络环境中享有言论自由，不必担心受到审查或恐吓。
每个人都应该有办法知道谁拥有或控制他们正在使用的媒体服务。
鉴于其服务在塑造公共舆论和话语方面的作用，大型网络平台应该支持线上自由民主辩论。其应当减轻其服务的运作和使用所带来的风险，包括虚假信息运动的风险，并保护言论自由。
我们承诺：
-支持数字技术的开发和最佳利用，激励公民参与和民主参与。
-继续维护网络基本权利，特别是言论和信息自由。
-在充分尊重言论自由和信息自由且不建立任何普遍的监控义务的情况下，根据非法内容的危害采取相应措施处理各种形式的非法内容。
-形成一个能保护人们免受虚假信息和其他形式有害内容侵害的网络环境。
//Chapter V: Safety, security and empowerment
第五章：安全、防卫和赋权
- A protected, safe and secure online environment
Everyone should have access to digital technologies, products and services that are safe, secure, and privacy-protective by design.
We commit to:
–protecting the interests of people, businesses and public institutions against cybercrime, including data breaches and cyberattacks. This includes protecting digital identity from identity theft or manipulation.
–countering and holding accountable those that seek to undermine security online and the integrity of the Europeans’ online environment or that promote violence and hatred through digital means.
- 一个受保护、安全可靠的网络环境
每个人都应该能够获得安全、可靠和保护隐私的数字技术、产品和服务。
我们承诺：
-保护个人、企业和公共机构的利益免受网络犯罪的侵害，包括数据泄露和网络攻击。这包括保护数字身份免受身份盗用或操纵。
-打击试图破坏网络安全和欧洲网络环境完整性或通过数字手段施行暴力和仇恨的人，并追究其责任。
- Privacy and individual control over data
Everyone has the right to the protection of their personal data online. That right includes the control on how the data are used and with whom they are shared.
Everyone has the right to the confidentiality of their communications and the information on their electronic devices, and no one shall be subjected to unlawful online surveillance or interception measures.
Everyone should be able to determine their digital legacy, and decide what happens with the publicly available information that concerns them, after their death.
We commit to:
–ensuring the possibility to easily move personal data between different digital services.
- 隐私和个人的数据控制
每个人都享有在网上保护其个人数据的权利。该权利包括控制数据的使用方式以及与谁共享数据。
每个人都有权对其通信和电子设备上的信息保密，任何人不得受到非法的网络监视或拦截措施。
每个人都应该能够决定他们的数字遗产，并决定在其去世后与他们相关的公开信息的处置方式。
我们承诺：
-确保不同数字设备之间轻松转移个人数据的可能性。
- Children and young people should be protected and empowered online
Children and young people should be empowered to make safe and informed choices and express their creativity in the online environment.
Age-appropriate materials should improve children’s experiences, well-being and participation in the digital environment.
Children have the right to be protected from all crimes, committed via or facilitated through digital technologies.
We commit to:
– promoting a positive, age-appropriate and safe digital environment for children and young people.
– providing opportunities to all children to acquire the necessary skills and competences to navigate the online environment actively, safely and make informed choices when online.
– protecting all children against harmful and illegal content, exploitation, manipulation and abuse online, and preventing the digital space from being used to commit or facilitate crimes.
- 儿童和年轻人应该在网上得到保护和赋权
儿童和年轻人应享有在安全并知情的情况下做出选择，在网络环境中表现他们创造力的权利。
与年龄相适应的素材应有利于改善儿童在数字环境中的体验、福祉和参与。
儿童应受到保护以免遭通过数字技术实施或帮助实施的所有犯罪的侵害。
我们承诺：
-为儿童和年轻人创造一个积极、与年龄相适应和安全的数字环境。
-为所有儿童提供获得必要的技能和能力的机会，使得他们在上网时能够积极、安全地浏览网络环境，基于了解做出相应选择。
-保护所有儿童免受有害和非法内容影响，免受网络剥削、操纵和霸凌，并防止数字空间被用于犯罪或协助犯罪。
//Chapter VI: Sustainability
第六章 可持续性
To avoid significant harm to the environment, and to promote a circular economy, digital products and services should be designed, produced, used, disposed of and recycled in a way that minimises their negative environmental and social impact.
Everyone should have access to accurate, easy-to-understand information on the environmental impact and energy consumption of digital products and services, allowing them to make responsible choices.
We commit to:
– supporting the development and use of sustainable digital technologies that have minimal environmental and social impact.
– developing and deploying digital solutions with positive impact on the environment and climate.
为避免对环境造成重大危害，推动循环经济，数字产品及服务的设计、生产、使用、处置和回收应最小化其对环境和社会的负面影响。
每个人都应该获得准确、易于理解的有关数字产品和服务的环境影响和能源消耗的信息，以便做出负责任的选择。
我们承诺：
-支持开发和使用最小化环境和社会影响的可持续数字技术。
-开发和部署对环境和气候具有积极影响的数字解决方案。
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